Vinkan(Language)

Vinkan has 6 vowels

a:ɑ

e:ɛ

i:i

o:o

u:u

':ɪ

The language is rhythmic. Two vowels in a row is pronounced twice as long. In situations where consonants might double, one consonant is dropped, leaving the meaning up to context in those situations.

As far as the consonants, most single consonants are pronounced like their English counterparts, but there are several exceptions. The language has both a voiced and devoiced flap as well as a retroflex and lateral. In addition to an l and an r that resemble the English equivalents, there are also ŕ and ŕh. The ŕ sound is basically the same as a Spanish r. The most difficult is ŕh, which is like a whispered Spanish r. There aren't many words that use ŕh. The most significant ŕh words are color words, and by extension, idiomatic words using colors as a base. There are also some words that need to be differentiated from each other by whether they end released or not (end with aspiration or not) (sometimes represented as {u}.)

The language is a Subject-Object-Verb language with prepositional particles. Its morphology is agglutinative, and it has hundreds of roots that can be combined in many ways, making new word formation easy. There are two kinds of roots: normal and bound. Bound roots cannot be said by themselves and must have another root to form a word. There are separate roots for salt water and fresh water, and this appears in a number of idioms. Many opposites are expressed via switching of voiced consonants to devoiced, making the language very difficult to whisper.

Verbs always have chained suffixes on roots for conjugation, including plain present (-ko). Conjugation covers not only the three time tenses, but also perfect, continuous, perfect continuous, ability, passive voice, want, need, and permission. Habit is expressed via future continuous. Most verbs can be nominalized simply by dropping the verb suffixes, but sometimes a k sound is added to nominalize it (Penta = fist, pentako = to grasp, Pentak = a grasping)

There is some grammatical variation between Gregoran dialects and Keigosan. Gregoran, for instance, has a conjugation that means, literally, "do it in the past" (kakechi), which functions as an impatient request. Keigosan dialects tend to replace the standard future ket with kez, and many words with zh, z, or j have those sounds changed such as saja (I, me) becoming saza.

Sentences tend to put modifiers before the things they modify (both adjectives and adverbs) but compound words are often, but not always, flipped. They are sometimes forward (rekasa - bad self) but sometimes reversed (Iirix - son first aka first son)